The talk explores India's journey through the digital transformation that began in the 1980s, focusing on how the country acquired critical digital and networking capabilities. It examines key policy shifts — from prioritizing software exports in the 1990s to the more recent push for self-reliance through "Make in India" and the "zero net import" objective in electronics. The discussion highlights the evolving strategies, trade-offs, and challenges in building a robust digital ecosystem. It concludes with insights on what India must do to meet its current technological ambitions.